Acceptance and user experience of in-vehicle technology and an extension by motivation and needs

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Date

2024-12-13

Authors

Stiegemeier, Dina

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Dissertation

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Abstract

Along with the trends for digitalization and automation, the interior of passenger cars is subject to major changes as more and more in-vehicle technology is being integrated into the cockpit. Thereby, driver assistance systems offer support in the primary driving task while in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) provide multimedia content, navigation information, or smartphone connectivity during the ride. However, the effectiveness of these technologies depends on user acceptance and regular use. Therefore, there is a large interest in understanding what influences the use and experience of in-vehicle technology. Traditional technology acceptance models emphasize beliefs about a system’s usefulness and ease of use (Davis, 1985). User experience (UX) research, on the other hand, focuses on the experiential and emotional aspects of technology interaction (Hassenzahl et al., 2003). However, the models have not provided a unified view on influencing factors for technology use. Therefore, one goal of this dissertation is to examine reasons to use or not use different types of in-vehicle technology. Further, both domains do not fully account for the motivational processes possibly influencing the technology use. Thereby, initial research suggests that basic psychological needs and motivational regulations proposed in a prominent motivational theory – the Self-Determination Theory (SDT, Deci & Ryan, 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000) might serve as antecedents for beliefs proposed in acceptance and user experience models (Luqman et al., 2018). Thereby, the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness have been shown to result in increased motivation. Further, more autonomous types of motivational regulation can be associated with increased performance and well-being (Ryan & Deci, 2019). Drawing from these three distinct theoretical perspectives, this dissertation develops a new psychological framework investigating social cognitive models of acceptance and UX in the domain of invehicle technology and exploring potential origins within the perspective of the SDT (Deci & Ryan, 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000). Addressing this, a series of research questions and empirical studies is presented in the four published manuscripts. The first manuscript aimed to provide an understanding of the main reasons for using or not using available in-vehicle technology. Therefore, a qualitative online survey was conducted to identify the usage barriers and subjective reasons for not using different types of in-vehicle technology. It shows that current acceptance models do not cover the subjectively relevant reasons. The second manuscript examines how motivational regulations affect driver acceptance of assistance and navigation systems, and their relation to common acceptance models. Therefore, a quantitative online study was conducted investigating positive and negative experiences with in-vehicle technology. Results show that motivational regulations significantly enhance the prediction of common acceptance models. The third manuscript investigates the role of eleven basic psychological needs in the driver-vehicle interaction, assessing the relationship between needs, motivational regulations, UX assessments, intentions to use, and affective consequences providing further support for the developed framework. To apply the findings to the design of new technologies, the fourth manuscript describes a mock-up experiment in which a gesture interaction system was designed to support autonomy and competence. The autonomy- and competence-supportive design characteristics had a positive effect on need satisfaction, motivation, UX beliefs, and acceptance. Taken together, the outcomes support the presented psychological framework providing new insights into the acceptance and use of in-vehicle technology. It emphasizes the importance of considering motivational factors alongside traditional acceptance and UX factors. Thereby, this work can contribute to a more focused human-centered development as it provides examples for designing in-vehicle technologies that better meet user needs and enhance well-being. Further design guidelines and implications can be derived from the broad empirical basis of the SDT.

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Faculties

Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften, Informatik und Psychologie

Institutions

Institut für Psychologie und Pädagogik

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DFG Project uulm

EU Project THU

Other projects THU

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DFG Project THU

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Keywords

Human-machine-interaction, User experience, User needs, Gesture interaction, Technology acceptance, Motivation, Self-determination theory, Asssistance systems, Navigation systems, Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation, Benutzererlebnis, Nichtverbale Kommunikation, Assistenzsystem, Motivation (Psychology), Human-machine systems, Gesture recognition (Computer science), Automobiles; Navigation systems, DDC 150 / Psychology, DDC 620 / Engineering & allied operations