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Ulmer Pilzflora IV : 20 Jahre Arbeitsgemeinschaft Mykologie Ulm AMU : 1992 - 1996
(Universität Ulm, 1996) Gräser, Walter; Lohmeyer, Till R.; Krieglsteiner, German J.; Roglmeier, Rudolf; Berthold, Harry; Ilg, Josef; Enderle, Manfred; Schmid, Bernhard; Arbeitsgemeinsschaft Mykologie Ulm (AMU)
Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft Mykologie Ulm (AMU) übergibt der Öffentlichkeit rechtzeitig zu ihrem 20-jährigen Bestehen das 4. Heft der ULMER PILZFLORA. Die AMU hat in den letzten Jahren viel Aufklärungsarbeit für die interessierte Bevölkerung in Form von Pilzführungen, Pilzausstellungen und Pilzberatungen geleistet. Der Beitrag von Josef llg mit dem Titel "Ein Pilzfreund erzählt" beschreibt auf nachdenklich humorvolle Art einige Aspekte und Anekdoten aus dieser Tätigkeit.
Ulmer Pilzflora II : 1986 - 1989
(Universität Ulm, 1989) Enderle, Manfred; Reiniger, Franz; Fischer, Gerd; Pätzold, Walter; Bauer, Anton; Klement, Adolf; Köhler, Kurt; Einhellinger, A.; Krieglsteiner, Lothar G.; Pätzold, Walter; Fischer, Gerd; Reininger, Franz; Klement, Adolf; Arbeitsgemeinschaft Mykologie Ulm (AMU)
Mikroskopisch kleine Pilze sorgen zusammen mit zahlreichen anderen Organismen dafür, daß abgestorbenes Material wieder in seine mineralischen Bestandteile zurückgeführt wird. Der Kreislauf der Natur funktioniert, solange Fäulnisprozesse dafür sorgen, daß Pflanze und Tier nach dem Tod wieder in ihre Bestandteile zerfallen. Auch die uns geläufigen Waldpilze verwerten die organischen Substanz der meisten lebenden oder toten Pflanzen des Waldes. So betrachtet leisten die Pilze für uns Menschen etwas Vorbildliches, da sie scheinbar unbrauchbares Material in wertvolle und lebensnotwendige Rohstoffe umzuwandeln vermögen. Wie Aufzeichnungen belegen, beschäftigten sich Ulmer schon zu Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts mit der Pilzkunde. Seit dieser Zeit gibt es Beiträge zur Pilzflora der Ulm er Gegend. Der 1976 gegründeten Arbeitsgemeinschaft Mykologie Ulm (AMU) ist zu verdanken, daß der Ulmer Raum heute pilzkundlich mit zu den am besten erforschten Gebieten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland zählt. Vor allem hat Manfred Enderle zahlreiche und wertvolle Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Ulmer Pilzflora geleistet, wobei er häufig über seltene und bemerkenswerte Funde berichtete.
Die Stückelung von Quanta in Viertelmonde in Bulgarien vor 50.000 Jahren
(Universität Ulm, 2026-03-18) Keim, Frank
Ein 50.000 Jahre alter Schieferstein aus der Temnata Dupka Höhle in Bulgarien enthält Entwürfe zu den Mondphasen. Das Werkstück kritisierte beim 4. Paar die Annahme von Halbmonden als Quanta und schlug stattdessen deren Teilung vor. Zum anderen bietet das Tableau eine Zusammenschau der damals kursierenden Auffassungen der Neandertaler: Das Zugeständnis einer Äquivalenz des vierten Paars auf der einen Seite sowie dessen Leugnung. Indem drei Modelle, also die Mehrzahl, die Äquivalenz bejahten und nur eines sie verleugnete, setzt das Konzept aus dem Osten den hohen Standard, wie er in La Roche-Cotard (Frankreich) etabliert wurde, nahtlos fort. Von einer „Regression“ der Neandertaler war hier noch nichts zu spüren.
Korrektur zum Buch: F. Keim, Giorgio Vasari als Astronom (2023)
(Universität Ulm, 2025-11-28) Keim, Frank
Giovanni Bellini a head of Dürer and Leonardo : The race for Jupiter’s moons in the Renaissance
(Universität Ulm, 2025-09-29) Keim, Frank
The narrative of devotional consciousness was replaced in the Renaissance by curious exploration. The classical devotional picture was charged with scientific facts that amounted to a revolution of the World view. So, some pictures of the Virgin Mary and Christ Giovanni Bellinis contain clear indications to the great Jupiter’s satellites. The pioneering work motivated his colleagues like Dürer or Leonardo to integrate this novity in their paintings as well. The consequences were among others a lost of authority and confidence in ecclesiastical doctrines.
Der „Memoria-Stein“ aus Bilzingsleben: die ringförmige Sonnenfinsternis vom 28. Februar 1207
(Universität Ulm, 2025-08-26) Keim, Frank
Der „Sonnenkultstein [Sun cult stone, F.K.] von Bilzingsleben“ is a great stone with notches which was found in the near of the Dornberg. Until now, it was assumed that the stone pointed to „ancient Germanic cults“ In contrast, it is demonstrated that the round stone represents the annular solar eclipse, that was seen in 28 February 1207 in the Erfurt / Bilzingsleben area. I therefore advocate that the object – similar to the Istha menhir – dates from the High Middle Ages. Its function was that of a „memoria stone“.
The discovery of equinoxes by Homo erectus 370.000 years ago
(Universität Ulm, 2025-08-25) Keim, Frank
In the last article of Brandt / Scholl from 2024 the famous „Moon calendar“ of Bilzingsleben was once again brought into focus. The Homo erectus there criticized his predecessor from the island Java and claimed among others the Great Equivalence. Other than the authors since 2003 I argue that the calendar shows the equinoxes of Spring and Autumn. In neighbouring Oldisleben the solstices were discovered by the late Neanderthals. In a unique manner, this find demonstrates the turning to the Sun and the decreasing interest in the Moon towards the end of the Aurignacien. Finally, we try to estimate the age of the fragments No. 2-4 from Bilzingsleben based on their design.
Hypergraphs with large transversal number and with edge sizes at least four
(Universität Ulm, 2012-06-01) Henning, Michael; Löwenstein, Christian
Abstract Let H be a hypergraph on n vertices and m edges with all edges of size at least four. The transversal number τ(H) of H is the minimum number of vertices that intersect every edge. Lai and Chang [An upper bound for the transversal numbers of 4-uniform hypergraphs, J. Combin. Theory Ser. B, 1990, 50(1), 129–133] proved that τ(H) ≤ 2(n+m)/9, while Chvátal and McDiarmid [Small transversals in hypergraphs, Combinatorica, 1992, 12(1), 19–26] proved that τ(H) ≤ (n + 2m)/6. In this paper, we characterize the connected hypergraphs that achieve equality in the Lai-Chang bound and in the Chvátal-McDiarmid bound.
Der Saturnmond Titan bei Goltzius und Rubens
(Universität Ulm, 2025-06-18) Seemann, Dominik; Keim, Frank
Zwei Kunstwerke aus dem Barock greifen auf eine Sage von Hesiod zurück, die den römischen Gott Saturn, im griechischen den Gott Kronos betrifft. Saturn wurde in der römischen Religion und Mythologie mit verschiedenen Rollen in Verbindung gebracht, darunter als Gott der Zeit, Vater der Götter, Gott des Wohlstands und Gott des Todes. In der griechischen Mythologie hatte Kronos eine geringere Bedeutung und wurde mit einem regionalen Fest in Verbindung gebracht, das als Erntedankfest gefeiert wurde. Der Aufsatz „Der Saturnmond Titan bei Goltzius und Rubens“ untersucht die Gemälde „Saturn und seine Kinder“ von Hendrick Goltzius und „Saturn verschlingt seine Kinder“ von Paul Peter Rubens. Der Fokus liegt auf der astronomischen Entdeckung des Saturnmondes Titan.
When the killing has been done: Exploring associations of personality with third-party judgment and punishment of homicides in moral dilemma scenarios
(Universität Ulm, 2020-06-30) Behnke, Alexander; Strobel, Anja; Armbruster, Diana
Killing people is universally considered reprehensible and evokes in observers a need to punish perpetrators. Here, we explored how observers’ personality is associated with their cognitive, emotional, and punishing reactions towards perpetrators using data from 1,004 participants who responded to a set of fifteen third-party perspective moral dilemmas. Among those, four scenarios (architect, life boat, footbridge, smother for dollars) describing deliberate killings were compared to investigate the role of the content features “motive for killing” (selfish vs. utilitarian) and “evitability of victims’ death”. Participants’ moral appropriateness ratings, emotions towards perpetrators, and assigned punishments revealed complex scenario-personality interactions. Trait psychopathy was associated with harsher punishments in all scenarios but also with less concern about killing in general, an increased moral appreciation of utilitarian motives for killing, and a reduced concern about the killing of avoidable victims. Need for cognition was associated with considering a utilitarian motive for killing as a mitigating factor, while intuitive/authority-obedient thinking was linked to a strong focus on avoidability of harm as an aggravating factor when assigning punishments. Otheroriented empathy, trait anxiety, and justice sensitivity did not account for differences in thirdparty punishments. Our explorative findings highlight the importance of inter-individual differences for moral decision making and sense of justice.
A counterpart to the bear bone from Poland from Henan Province in China?
(Universität Ulm, 2025-05-26) Keim, Frank
Two bone fragments from the Lingjing site in Henan Province, China, contain interesting engravings concerning the Moon phases. Both structures were compared. They are dated to 125-105 ka, the same date as for the bear bone from Southern Poland. Finally, we discuss the question if it’s possible by symbolic research to gain a better understanding of the age of both finds. Which one is the expected older? It’s NOT possible to get such a determination by natural methodes alone. Zwei Knochenfragmente aus Lingjing in der chinesischen Provinz Henan enthalten interessante, bezüglich der Mondphasen aufschlussreiche Gravuren. Beide Strukturen werden miteinander verglichen. Ihr Alter wurde mit 125-105 ka angegeben, was den Fund in eine Nähe zum Bärenknochen aus Südpolen rückt. Schließlich wird die Frage erörtert, ob es aufgrund der Symbolforschung möglich ist, das Alter der beiden Fundstücke noch klarer voneinander abzugrenzen. Welches ist das voraussichtlich Ältere? Eine solche Eingrenzung ist allein auf der Basis naturwissenschaftlicher Methoden NICHT möglich.
Infinity in the Mathematics 40,000 years ago
(Universität Ulm, 2025-05-26) Keim, Frank
A 39,600-year-old bone fragment found at Canyars in northwestern Spain bears 28 „strange“ punctures. Until now, it was assumed that the find was a leather punch board. I am in favour of the introduction of numbers, especially decimal, in the course of which the dimension of infinity was discovered. In continuation the Moon discourses held in Prehistory the problems of infinite division of numbers were discussed.
Mechanochemical synthesis: route to novel rock-salt-structured high-entropy oxides and oxyfluorides
(Universität Ulm, 2020-09-14) Lin, Ling; Wang, Kai; Azmi, Raheleh; Wang, Junbo; Sarkar, Abhishek; Botros, Miriam; Najib, Saleem; Cui, Yanyan; Stenzel, David; Anitha Sukkurji, Parvathy; Wang, Qingsong; Hahn, Horst; Schweidler, Simon; Breitung, Ben
Abstract A facile mechanochemical reaction at ambient temperature was successfully applied to synthesize novel single-phase rock-salt-structured high-entropy oxides, containing five, six and seven metal elements in equiatomic amounts. This synthesis approach overcomes the limitations of the commonly known synthesis procedures, which would result in multiple-phase compounds. Redox-sensitive elements, such as Fe2+ and Mn2+, can now be considered. The corresponding single-phase Li-containing high-entropy oxyfluorides were obtained by introducing LiF into the lattice using the same strategy. All materials show single-phase rock-salt structures with lattice parameters depending on the incorporated ion sizes. Solid solution states result in high configurational entropies, and all elements appear homogenously distributed over the whole cationic and anionic sublattice. The straightforward synthesis technique, combined with utilized simple binary oxide precursors, paves the way for a multitude of novel high-entropy oxide and oxyfluoride compounds. The compounds were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Ergänzung zu: "Die Frage nach dem vierten Paar. Die kognitive Entwicklung der Neandertaler bis 35.000 Jahre v.h."
(Universität Ulm, 2025-03-05) Keim, Frank
Anhand von Ritzungen auf dem Halswirbelknochen eines Bären werden die Mondphasen und die mentale Substanz des Fundes aufgeklärt. Das Knochenfragment stammt aus der Pešturina Höhle in Serbien, sein Alter wurde mit ca. 44 ka bestimmt. Ob eine Äquivalenz des vierten Mondpaares, eine Große Äquivalenz, behauptet wurde, kann nicht mit letzter Sicherheit gesagt werden, ist aber wahrscheinlich.– Der Beitrag versteht sich als Ergänzung zu: „Die Frage nach dem vierten Paar. Die kognitive Entwicklung der Neandertaler bis 35.000 Jahre v.h.“ (https://doi.org/10.18725/OPARU-54798)
A multiphase-field approach to small strain crystal plasticity accounting for balance equations on singular surfaces
(Universität Ulm, 2023-10-04) Prahs, Andreas; Schöller, Lukas; Schwab, Felix K.; Schneider, Daniel; Böhlke, Thomas; Nestler, Britta
Abstract An implementation of the crystal plasticity theory in the context of the multiphase-field method provides a numerically efficient tracking of evolving grain boundaries, modeled as diffuse interfaces. In literature, several approaches exist for the implementation of the plastic material behavior within the diffuse interface, based on interpolation, homogenization, or the mechanical jump conditions. Among these, only the jump condition approach exhibits an intrinsic relationship to the sharp interface (SI) theory. Therefore, in the work at hand, the implementation of the crystal plasticity theory within the jump condition approach, referred to as phase-specific plastic fields approach (PSPFA), is discussed in detail. The PSPFA is compared to the interpolation approach, referred to as common plastic fields approach (CPFA), using three-dimensional benchmark simulations of a bicrystal set-up. The comparison reveals that the PSPFA and SI coincide convincingly regarding the accumulated plastic slip and the Mises stress. In contrast, a significant deviation of CPFA and SI is observed both quantitatively and qualitatively, not only within the diffuse interface region, but throughout the complete simulation domain. A variation of the interface width illustrates that this observation can be transferred to the normal components of the total strain, even for smaller interface widths. Consequently, a quantitative estimate of the plastic material behavior, which is crucial for the prediction of the dynamic behavior of grain boundaries, is only provided by the PSPFA. The application of the crystal plasticity in the context of PSPFA to more complex microstructures is illustrated with respect to a periodic honeycomb-structure and an octotuple.
Antecedents of health-promoting leadership and workload as moderator
(Universität Ulm, 2019-05-14) Turgut, Sarah; Schlachter, Svenja; Michel, Alexandra; Sonntag, Karlheinz
This study builds on the theory of planned behavior and investigates antecedents of health-promoting leadership behaviors (HPL behaviors): positive health-promoting leadership attitude (HPL attitude) as well as perceived health-promoting leadership norms (perceived HPL norms), and lack of perceived health-promoting leadership behavioral control (perceived HPL behavioral control). Furthermore, based on the conservation of resources theory, these antecedents are conceptualized as personal and job resources with managers’ perceived workload being examined as a moderating boundary condition, suggesting that workload as a job demand facilitates resource loss. A survey was administered to 315 managers. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression analysis and moderation analysis. Results revealed that HPL attitude and perceived HPL norms were positively related to HPL behaviors, whereas a lack of perceived HPL behavioral control was negatively related to HPL behaviors. Furthermore, high workload weakened the relationship between perceived HPL norms and HPL behaviors. Workload did not moderate the relationships between the antecedents HPL attitude and lack of perceived HPL behavioral control, and HPL behaviors. Organizations should offer interventions to foster positive HPL attitude, give managers opportunities for HPL behavioral control, and promote perceived HPL norms. They should acknowledge that high workload may inhibit perceived HPL norms. Intervention approaches with regard to personnel and organizational development for practitioners are discussed. This study contributes to the literature by testing direct antecedents of HPL behaviors. Moreover, this study is the first to test workload as a boundary condition.
Voluntary work-related technology use during non-work time: a narrative synthesis of empirical research and research agenda
(Universität Ulm, 2017-11-03) Schlachter, Svenja; McDowall, Almuth; Cropley, Mark; Inceoglu, Ilke
The Internet and mobilization of information and communication technologies (ICTs) have made non-manual work increasingly portable and remotely accessible. As a result, a considerable number of employees use their ICTs to engage in work-related tasks during designated non-work time, even without contractual obligation. However, existing research on such voluntary work-related ICT use remains fragmented and spread across disciplines. The authors conducted a narrative review of 56 studies to identify themes in existing research, synthesize the evidence base and identify gaps in understanding. They identify five themes: (1) Social-normative organizational context, (2) Job-related characteristics and work processes, (3) Person characteristics, (4) Designated non-work time and well-being, and (5) Empowerment/Enslavement Paradox. A conceptual model of voluntary ICT use is developed by integrating the identified themes with existing organizational research, outlining the relationships between the identified themes and voluntary ICT use. The discussion emphasizes the need for more conceptual clarity on voluntary ICT use and related constructs, and for the integration of different disciplines and methodological approaches to advance knowledge in the field. The authors further identify person-centred research as a critical future avenue to explore different ICT user types. Additionally, more research into the mechanisms and moderating influences regarding voluntary ICT use and its outcomes is considered advisable to advance knowledge on the Empowerment/Enslavement Paradox and its potential resolution. The paper concludes with preliminary implications to inform practice, addressing the need for employers to provide control over voluntary ICT use and employees enacting this control.
(How) Do work placements work? Scrutinizing the quantitative evidence for a theory-driven future research agenda
(Universität Ulm, 2018-01-10) Inceoglu, Ilke; Selenko, Eva; McDowall, Almuth; Schlachter, Svenja
While supervised work placements are increasingly popular in higher education, evidence regarding their effects on career outcomes remain somewhat sparse and atheoretical. The aim of this systematic literature review is to evaluate the effectiveness of placements for career outcomes and to identify any underpinning core psychological processes and to offer a theoretically grounded framework for future research. Drawing on transition theory (Schlossberg, 1981) and career construction theory (Savickas, 1997), we argue that supervised work experiences are central transition experiences that enable social learning processes and trigger changes in a person's identity development as a professional, thereby increasing career resources and employability which in turn affect future career outcomes positively. We screened 2394 systematically selected abstracts across several databases and disciplines. Only quantitative studies that either offered a control-group or a longitudinal design were included, resulting in an in-depth review of 40 studies, applying a rigorous evaluation protocol. Placement participation elicits an overall positive (but small) effect on career outcomes: Graduates who completed a work placement found employment more quickly. Work placements also changed students' perceptions of self-efficacy, their knowledge, skills, and attitudes. We suggest that these changes could be seen as indicative of the proposed social learning processes and identity changes that positively affect career resources. Our review points to several gaps in the literature, and building on existing career theories, we develop a theoretical model and offer new avenues for future research to integrate the heterogenic field of placement research and inform career research in other areas.
Die Frage nach dem vierten Paar : Die kognitive Entwicklung der Neandertaler bis 35.000 Jahre v.h.
(Universität Ulm, 2024-12-19) Keim, Frank
Mit seinen 17 Ritzungen zählt ein Bärenknochen aus der Dziadowa Skała Höhle in Polen zu den Vertretern komplexer Darlegungen von Mondphasen (> 120 ka). Eswurden dort insgesamt drei Erklärungsmodelle aufgeboten, die sich auf das PaarVollmond-Neumond bezogen (z.B. kein Vergleich möglich usw.). U.a. wurde der Entwurf aus Vaufrey (Frankreich) zitiert, dem vielleicht ältesten Zeugnis von „drei Äquivalenzpaaren“ des Mondes in Europa. In ihrem Beitrag von 2021 datierten die Autorinnen A. Rufà / V. Laroulandie ihn in den Zeitraum von 243.000 bis 191.000 Jahren v.h. Ein Auerochsenknochen aus Nesher Ramla (Israel) adaptierte den polnischen Vorschlag. Außerdem werden zwei interessante Funde von der Krim besprochen, aus Zaskalnaya VI und Kiik-Koba, die um 40 ka entstanden sind. Zum Schluss werden alle vierten Paare der Neandertalerfunde auf Äquivalenz überprüft, um ein vertieftes Verständnis von deren mentaler Kognitionsfähigkeit zu erlangen.
From structure to electrochemistry: the influence of transition metal ordering on Na+/vacancy orderings in P2-type NaxMO2 cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries†
(Universität Ulm, 2024-11-28) Pfeiffer, Lukas Fridolin; Dillenz, Manuel; Burgard, Nora; Beran, Premysl; Roscher, Daniel; Zarrabeitia, Maider; Drews, Paul; Hervoches, Charles; Mikhailova, Daria; Omar, Ahmad; Baran, Volodymyr; Paul, Neelima; Sotoudeh, Mohsen; Busch, Michael; Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, Margret; Groß, Axel; Passerini, Stefano; Axmann, Peter
P2-type layered oxides are attractive cathode active materials for sodium-ion batteries, however, these materials typically suffer from detrimental Na+/vacancy orderings. In this work, we investigate the origin as well as the influence of the transition metal ratio on Na+/vacancy orderings in P2-type cathode materials. A combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), neutron diffraction, advanced electrochemical methods, operando XRD and DFT calculations is applied to study Na+/vacancy orderings in P2-NaxNi1/3Mn2/3O2 and P2-NaxMn3/4Ni1/4O2. In P2-NaxNi1/3Mn2/3O2, a honeycomb Ni/Mn superstructure leads to charge ordering within the transition metal slab and pronounced Na+/vacancy orderings, causing distinct voltage jumps at specific sodium contents (x = 2/3, 1/2 and 1/3). For P2-Na0.60Mn3/4Ni1/4O2, the Ni/Mn superstructure is disrupted, resulting in more complex charge orderings within the transition metal slab, partially suppressed Na+/vacancy orderings and an overall smoother potential profile. Based on our findings, guidelines to suppress Na+/vacancy orderings in P2-type cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries are postulated and discussed with respect to electrochemical measurements of various transition metal compositions. These guidelines can serve to predict the tendency towards Na+/vacancy orderings for a given cathode composition or to design new cathode compositions for enhanced cycle life based on the absence of Na+/vacancy orderings.

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